Citadel of Amman, Jordan

 

This Citadel was refortified during the late Umayyad period c. AD 725 -- 745, and restored in the ninth - tenth century following earthquake damage. The palace complex probably dates from the same period as the Umayyad fortifications (after A. Northedge).

1. inner courtyard leading to the throne room;

2. outer courtyard;

3. "hamam" (public baths) and cistern area;

4. well;

5. "rahba," (public square);

6. upper citadel;

7. lower citadel;

8. ruined Roman Temple;

9. main gate.

Reference:

David Nicolle, "Saracen Strongholds AD 630 -- 1050, The Middle East and Central Asia," Fortress 76, Osprey Pub. London, 2008.